u003cstrongu003eCan a mini PC without NPU remain useful for local AI?u003c/strongu003e

Yes, but performance will be limited to classic CPU/GPU. Light AI tasks or inference of small models remain possible. However, in case of intensive loads, the experience will be slower and less efficient.

u003cstrongu003eCan one replace a mini PC's cooling to improve AI?u003c/strongu003e

Yes, it is possible on certain models. You can replace or optimise fans and thermal paste. One should know that better cooling can help reduce throttling. This extends sustained CPU/NPU power.

u003cstrongu003eHow can I measure if a mini PC will throttle on my AI tasks?u003c/strongu003e

To measure if a mini PC will throttle, monitor CPU/NPU temperature and frequency during prolonged load. You can use a tool like HWInfo or Ryzen Master/Intel XTU. If frequency drops quickly under load, then your mini PC risks throttling on your tasks.